Izibani zihambe ibanga elide kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo okuthobekile njengemithombo yokukhanya elula nengakudala. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwashintsha indlela esikhanyisa ngayo indawo esizungezile, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezibani ezibhekelela izidingo nokuthandwa okuhlukahlukene. Ake sibhekisise ukuvela kwezibani kanye nomthelela ezibe nawo endleleni esiphila ngayo.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izibani zazibaswa ngokuyinhloko ngamafutha noma amakhandlela, ezazinikeza umthombo wokukhanya olinganiselwe futhi owawuvame ukuba lufifi. Lezi zinhlobo zamalambu zakuqala zazingasebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi zazingaphephile, zibeka izingozi ezinkulu zomlilo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba impucuko ithuthuka, kanjalo nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa.
Uguquko lwezimboni lwaphawula inguquko ekuthuthukisweni kwezibani. Ukusungulwa kwe-incandescent bulb nguThomas Edison ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwaguqula imboni yokukhanyisa. Lesi sibani, sisebenzisa umucu owenziwe nge-tungsten, sakhiqiza ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokungaguquki lapho kudlula umsinga kagesi. Izibani ze-incandescent zamukelwa kabanzi ngenxa yokwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi zahlala zingumthombo ojwayelekile wokukhanyisa isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba umphakathi wawuqaphela kakhudlwana isidingo sezisombululo ezisimeme neziwonga ugesi, isibani se-incandescent sabhekana nokugxekwa ngokusetshenziswa kwaso okukhulu kwamandla kanye nokuphila okufushane. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bethula imithethonqubo yokuqeda la ma-bulb angasebenzi kahle ukuze bakhethe ezinye izindlela ezingayingeni imvelo.
Faka inkathi yamalambu e-compact fluorescent (CFLs) nama-light-emitting diode (ama-LED). Ama-CFL athuthukiswa njengendlela eyonga amandla kakhudlwana kunezibani ze-incandescent, esebenzisa ugesi omncane futhi ephila isikhathi eside. Zaduma ngenxa yamakhono azo okonga amandla, nakuba zaziqukethe amanani amancane e-mercury, ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokulahlwa okufanele.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-LED avele njengabaphambili embonini yokukhanyisa. Lezi zibani ziqukethe i-semiconductor chip encane ekhipha ukukhanya lapho umsinga kagesi udlula kuwo. Ama-LED adla amandla amancane kakhulu, aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi abhekwa njengobungani bemvelo kunangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zibani zinikeza ukuguquguquka kokulungisa umbala nokuqina kokukhanya, kuvula izwe elisha lamathuba emiklamo yokudala yokukhanyisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile nakho kube nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwezibani. Ngokuhlanganiswa kokuxhumana okungenantambo nezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, izibani ezihlakaniphile manje zingalawulwa ukude ngama-smartphone noma amasistimu asekhaya ahlakaniphile. Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo umbala wokukhanyisa, ukukhanya, ngisho nokusetha izibali-sikhathi zokuvula nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zibani azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kodwa futhi zineqhaza ekongiweni kwamandla ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa ngokuphumelelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sokuklama kwezibani senzeke izinguquko ezinkulu. Kusukela ezibani zedeskithophu zendabuko kuya ekukhanyisweni kwezakhiwo kanye nezibani ezilengayo ezintsha, ubuhle kanye nokusebenza kwezibani kuhlanganiswe ngokuvumelana. Izibani zesimanje manje zifaka imiklamo eshelelayo nencane, zisebenzisa izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ukwengeza isici sobuhle kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibani akukhawulelwe ekukhanyisweni kwangaphakathi kuphela. Amalambu angaphandle nawo abone ukuthuthuka okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amalambu asebenza ngelanga asebenzisa amandla elanga emini futhi awaguqule abe ukukhanya ebusuku. Lezi zibani ezinobungani bemvelo zinikeza isisombululo esimeme sokukhanyisa kwangaphandle, ukuqeda isidingo sezintambo noma ukusetshenziswa kukagesi.
Njengoba siqhubekela phambili ekhulwini lama-21, ukuthuthukiswa kwezibani kuyaqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele. Abacwaningi bahlola amathuba okusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ukuze bakhe imithombo yokukhanya esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside. Intuthuko ethembisayo ihlanganisa ama-organic light-emitting diode (OLED), anamandla okuguqula ukukhanya ngokokubili ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuguquguquka komklamo.
Ukuvela kwezibani ngokuqinisekile kuye kwakhanyisa izimpilo zethu ngezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kusukela kumalambu kawoyela kuya kumalambu ahlakaniphile e-LED, lezi zinto ezisunguliwe ziguqule indlela esibona ngayo nesibona ngayo indawo esizungezile. Azinikezi kuphela ukukhanya kodwa futhi zithuthukisa isimo sengqondo, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuphila kahle. Njengoba umhlaba uphokophele ekusaseni elisimeme, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezibani kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni umhlaba ogqamile, oluhlaza, futhi oxhumene kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-26-2023